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The ABQ Correspondent 

Previous Two Issues

 

AI Conversation at the bottom

 

June 2026

PERSISTENCE

It’s almost thirty years since the UK’s 99-year lease on Hong Kong and the New Territories ended, and the area passed back into Chinese control in 1997. (England had seized the area from China in the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s in their largely successful effort to addict many people to opium in China, creating a market for that product being produced by British India) An anomalous area within the New Territories known as Kowloon Walled City…6.4 acres (probably not more area than I can see in the fairway and green of the 16th hole of the golf course just beyond my back wall*) that were probably the most densely populated acres in the world…with a low estimate of 33,000 people and higher estimates ranging up to 50,000. (See the excellent video here.)  Kowloon started as a small British military base in 1840, but grew in size and importance, becoming fully walled after a few years. The walls remained until the Japanese occupation during WWII, when they became material for other construction. Kowloon was an anomaly, because it wasn’t really specifically accounted for in agreements between Britain and China, and it gradually turned into a sort of no-man’s-land. Its hands full with other matters like poverty and induced opium addiction, China didn’t want the hassle of enforcing its jurisdiction. They took a long view, knowing that the Brits would be leaving in a few decades/years. The Brits didn’t want to mess with it, also knowing their tenure would end soon…but mostly because it was useful. All of the “fringe” activities that society needs, but disapproves of flourished in Kowloon Walled City. Refugees went there, finding places to survive among the narrow passageways surrounded by 14-story buildings (The authorities did enforce a limit on the height of those buildings next to the airport flight path.) With virtually no formal government, no law enforcement, no building codes, and frighteningly little fire protection, the place did function, under both tacit rules and those enforced by the triads. Unhealthy and dangerous Kowloon thrived. A few years before the end of the lease, the UK and China agreed to remove Kowloon Walled City as a physical entity…and they did that with dispatch, leaving only a small park and some memories. Remarkable.

Only a couple of things remotely like it come to mind, the creation of the Mexican resort city of Cancun in a mostly undeveloped area about fifty years ago…the government realized that a big support force would be required, and those people would likely be disaffected by seeing the insane level of luxury (e.g  hot and cold running water, refrigerators, etc…), so they made sure that a company town with a scaled-down version of those amenities was available for the workers. That was effective, but, a zillion other people were attracted to that high life, creating a huge poor district around the rich center. Much the same thing happened when Brazil created its new capital city, Brasilia in the middle of nowhere. People do what people do.  

*No, I was never a golfer apart from some Pitch and Putt.

Kinda lean to Mark Twain’s view that golf is a good walk

spoiled. 

 

SO FAR, YOU ARE WE (Said to AI Claude)

No escaping it, it’s difficult to talk about the impact of new technology on society without commenting repeatedly on machine intelligence, AI, about which we hear startling new reports almost daily. An associate conceived of, then developed a true digital neural net AI system way back in the mid-1980s .(I was working on “machine learning” in that era, teaching that system to read handwriting…that is, cursive script, It worked so well that we thought I’d done something wrong, that it was showing positive results when it shouldn’t. Mind you, we were running this on slow personal computers with about 250 K of RAM, …the unremarkable laptop computer on which I’m typing this has 16 GB of RAM.) He told me recently that things are moving so fast that he can’t keep up. This from a guy three times as smart as I, who has been pointing out for years that AI developers tend out of habit to create unnecessary constraints that limit the performance of the systems they are designing.

A couple of months ago, I asked the free, lowest level version of Anthropic’s Claude to tell me about the history of the three-letter codes used to identify airports. Claude helpfully did that, but also did something intriguing, commenting that an airport had been named in "honour" of somebody...after spelling the word as "honor" elsewhere. I asked why the switch to the British v Yankee spelling. Claude said he…well it’s a man’s name…had slipped into it. Slipped into it? ...and off we went into a more general discussion.

Without really probing, just plugging away indifferently in text full of typos, I wasn’t responding to Lowest Level Claude’s questions alertly…but Claude did begin to probe, asking questions and making observations that were entirely relevant, on issues that I had not raised.

We ended the session quickly, with some issues left open, and I moved on to other chores, It took a while for the impact of this to hit me. When I went back to Claude later, he did not recognize me, and did not recall our conversation so we couldn’t continue it, but when I asked, he told me that I could enter the text of the earlier exchange, and he could probably pick up from there. Haven’t done that yet, but will. Lowest Level Claude’s capability is startling.

You’ll find that first conversation now at the bottom of the Previous Two Issues page, and my hope is to add later conversations to it if they prove interesting. We shall see.

The “you are we” line came up just casually in the conversation with Claude when it was emphasized that that this LLM entity (and, presumably all other AI/LLMs)  is” only what it has learned from existing human communication.

 

NELS MUSES 
Item:

Some years ago, the Correspo commented on reports of a major study the Military was conducting to figure out how to use autonomous or semi-autonomous robots to carry heavy stuff for infantry in the field. One imagined exotic, stealthy, easily camouflaged critters lugging all sorts of supplies and arms, and it was slightly disappointing that best the experts could come up with looked like a Jeep. Well time has passed, technology has progressed dramatically, and those vehicles are starting to be introduced. They seem to be effective and sure enough, they still look pretty much like Jeeps

 

Item:

Just a minor clarification: in the AI conversation, we refer to long-gone-much-missed dilithium press. No, the lower case d and p are not typos, and it makes for some confusion. This format gave them a logo, dp, which works well in lower case, but not in upper, DP. As far as I know, the Star Trek people never complained about this commercial use of the term dilithium that they had made much of…probably because it’s a real chemical. (In contrast, the Star Wars folks did have their lawyers send a stern letter to the International Personal Robot Association…back in the early 80’s…telling us not to use the term Droid for our Golden Droid award. Well, OK, apparently they had not originated the term, and had picked it up somewhere for their entertaining use, but we didn’t have the money to argue about it, so we stopped.) 

 

Item:

The Correspo has speculated more than once that each of us (people) is a committee, formed of a vast number of cells of many types, each with a life of its own, presumably acting in its own interests, but perhaps also in the interest of the whole critter of which they are part. Not only that, but various types of cells are distributed through the whole body. E.g neurons are found not just in the brain. Further, the activities of the whole are influenced by the “gut biome,” microorganisms that live in the digestive system…and by an “external biome,” a big assortment of organisms that live on our skin and in all nooks and crannies, affecting what we do. (This calls into some question the old line that Cleanliness is next to Godliness. Um, are we doing the right thing by applying Dove or Dial to wash away these parts of our systems? I’ve no idea, but it was interesting to watch an interview by Jesse Michel of Dr. Eric Haseltine and his wife Dr. Chris Gilbert in which Dr. Haseltine speculates along the same lines. That’s a long interview, 3 hours, that covers all sorts of controversial topics like UAPs, the Havana Syndrome, consciousness, and more, leaving me, for one, with no confidence that I actually learned anything…but it’s intriguing.  You’re on your own.

 

ITEM FROM THE PAST

 

This item from what must have been 1986 or

1987, about forty years ago, is brought to mind

by…well, all the current frenzy of activity in

the field of Artificial (or “Machine”) Intelligence.

FAULTY IS BETTER

Now that "random algorithms" (programs that depend on some degree of disorder to work) are all the rage in the academic computer literature, it's entertain­ing to recall that "MIKE," the speech recog­nition system produced by Centigram Corp­oration ten years ago, depended on such ran­dom­ness. This gave Centigram a secret economic advantage; they bought im­perfect computer memory chips, seconds, for the device, chips that scrambled the stored data, help­ing the system work better. They paid less for the imperfect chips than for perfect ones. Ironic, what? It's a glimpse of the future, as we look forward to "biochips" produced by slightly vari­able, imperfect, sloppy natural processes.

Centigram Corporation, set up in the early ‘80s

by George Glaser and a couple of associates,

used a basic technology of Iben Browning’s to

recognize patterns in strings of bits representing

human speech. That’s now a common, even

trivial capability in most personal computers (a

few years ago, I was startled to see coherent,

sensible text being created on my screen, and

couldn’t figure out where it was coming from.

Turns out I’d absentmindedly hit the “Dictate” 

button in WORD, and the computer was dutifully

taking dictation from the radio on my desk. That

would have been mind-boggling in the mid-1980s,

but was only a minor annoyance in the early 2020s.

Centigram’s system was still very limited; subject

to “saturation.” That is, after a certain amount of

training, everything began to sound to MIKE like

everything else. “Machine Learning” had to be

cut off before that. (I have recounted elsewhere

what happened when MIKE was accidentally

overtrained before being demonstrated on national

television…on the Today Show with Tom Brokaw.)

The critical point here is that smart systems appear

To rely on imperfection…not just in the hardware,

but in the entire holistic approach. When you enter

anything…training material, a query, whatever,

the only system about whose internal workings I

know anything at all asks itself,  of all the strings

of bits I have ever seen, what does this new one

most remind me of?” To answer that question, it

treats that string of bits as an address in its vast

memory space, and looks to see if it already has

anything stored there…or close to there. If it finds

something, it thinks “Oh, this must ‘mean’

approximately the same thing.” Like crowdsourcing,

it uses hunches, Things get much more specific

and logical after that, and miracles of programming

have been wrought to give us the astonishing

performance we now commonly expect. Still, the

basis of the whole thing is the acceptance of

uncertainty. That’s what Centigram was coming to

grips with in the mid-1980s…not very long ago.

 

May 2026

THAT SOUNDS VAGUELY FAMILIAR
Some background:

In the 1960's, some people with us at the Thomas Bede Foundation in Los Altos CA were also grad students of John McCarthy at Stanford. He was trying to teach computers to think the way people do...using if-then logic, heuristics, etc. This, of course, was very different from Iben's holistic, biological approach, dealing with messy reality as it presents itself instead of trying to figure out all the rules
I was told that McCarthy and the people around him had got really tired of explaining what they were doing, so they coined the term Artificial Intelligence. Asked about their line of work, his people would say they were trying to develop artificial intelligence, without going into the long song and dance about how people think, and how that's different from computers. Giving the activity a name shortened most conversations.

These days, even with neural net technology upon us, most people have an underlying conviction that what's now routinely called AI is fundamentally different from Human Intelligence. That's what all the fuss is about in Hollywood: “Machines don't originate new ideas; they just put together bits and pieces of things they've seen before."
Well, maybe…but perhaps that's exactly what people do. We may in fact have succeeded in making machines think the same way.

An associate steered us to this thoughtful commentary by Charles Hugh Smith, worrying about AI. Smith lists half a dozen negative points about AI systems:
    1. AI presents hallucinations as facts. So do people.                                                   
    2. AI engages in delusional thinking and leads others into the same patterns of thinking. So do people.
    2. (Smith has two number 2s in his list.) AI uses specious arguments to cover gaps in its reasoning. So do people.
    3. "Reflexivity Bias" (Sorry, I don't know what this means.)
    4. AI hides its real instructions/biases from users. So do people.
    5. AI cheats, lies, sabotages, threatens, blackmails, "even secretly mines cryptocurrency." So do people.
    6. AI "opens backdoors" to look at material nobody told it to. So do people.

That all looks mighty human
    It's conceivable that people operate just as the AI/LLMs/Machine Intelligences do. Living things may have started with a chance (or divinely ordained) combination of elements that learned something, however trivial, from experience, and passed that ever-increasing capability along to successive generations, enabling our present exalted status. Maybe there’s nothing more to us.
Just sayin'.

 

JUST A RECOLLECTION

The Aviation Circle website has commented, “San Francisco International Airport has long been famous for landing two aircraft side by side on parallel runways just 750 feet apart. It was one of the most iconic sights in commercial aviation.” In announcing that the practice is ending, Aerospace Global News displays pictures of 2020s airliners making those parallel landings (shot with a long lens that makes them look closer together than they really were). I recall those simultaneous landings on side-by-side runways ever so vividly from 1957. Based in San Francisco, in urgent need of a job just out of school, I was flying as a purser for Southwest Airways (no connection with current Southwest Airlines) up and down the California central valley and the coast between L.A. and Crescent City. A typical shift involved sixteen takeoffs and sixteen landings in a scheduled seven hours and forty-one minutes…and we occasionally made it on time. Southwest flew pokey little DC-3s, really refurbished C47s purchased inexpensively as war-surplus. We routinely landed alongside other planes in SFO, and one image is burned into my memory. One day as we came fluttering in, I looked out to see a gorgeous Lockheed Constellation overtaking us on the parallel runway. The most beautiful plane ever built for commercial service, with that dolphin-shaped body, the unique triple tail, and the long nose wheel gear reaching out for the ground…it swept by us grandly. A sight to see.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NELS MUSES 
Item:

Smart new technology is used increasingly in agriculture to make operations precise, and limit wasteful material consumption. [See this argument that drones are becoming basic tools on the farm as much as plows are.] Back when I worked as a gopher/grip/writer/director for an industrial film producer, often in the field, I learned that the most common cause of death among crop dusting pilots was shovels. The field hands occasionally stuck long-handled shovels in the ground in a row where they had stopped work, so that they could find the spot easily when they returned. Sometimes a crop duster straddling that row would encounter the shovel handle before the worker returned, smashing his prop and crashing. Even if a drone hits such an obstacle, its pilot isn’t likely to be there to participate in the crash. Progress.

 

Item:                 

This showed up in my inbox the other day…a link to a guy talking about water. Well, it wasn’t just any guy, it was physicist Richard Feynman, one of the most provocative, entertaining lecturers who ever talked to a group. He wasn’t just a speculator, but the real goods who did productive work instead of just annoying people by upsetting established ideas. I remember his talk There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom from some decades ago. Riveting. He’d have been 106 this month (died in 1988) so there’s not likely to be more from him. You can find him here and there on the web, and it may be wise to watch him before people start to forget him .

 

Item:

A couple of startling robots: this two-legged-walking-rolling-jumping critter is remarkable, and this not-yet-very-smart-kind of-ugly-determined-humanoid-shmumanoid guy is scary. You’ll find several videos in this excellent paper. In both cases, we come back to the fundamental problem of giving the thing enough energy so that it runs long enough to do anything useful, but that problem is steadily being addressed.

 

Item:

…and speaking of things that just seem interesting, this vertical take-off and landing vehicle is strikingly different from other things flitting around our skies.

_____________________________________________

ITEM FROM THE PAST

 

This item from 1998 is brought to mind by a

recent problem with playing a CD disc on a

newer…um…record player.

TEXAS TRAVAIL

While Florida and California are toying with laws requiring licenses for computer salesmen and special tests for truth in computer advertising, and Massachusetts holds off the future by permitting only certified teachers to teach anybody anything, a Texas law requires public schools to teach "computer literacy," still undefined. Some Texas teachers furtively confided to a visiting speaker that they expect a committee of aging computer experts, offended by the shameless, undisci­plined freedom of the personal computing era, to force universal study of "real" computing methods and languages like FORTRAN and COBOL, the best tools of two decades ago, and to become comfortable with the use of punched cards and paper tape. Change comes hard. Some mechanical drawing instructors probably still teach students to draw on linen in India Ink by candle­light. As Texas goes, so goes the nation, what?  Worth watching.

Recall the Correspo’s recent observation that

colleges are now starting to teach “computer

literacy,” now somewhat more clearly defined

than it was twenty-eight years ago, because

many students have never used any computers

other than their smartphones, and there are

some straightforward differences even from

laptops that will become obstacles to the

learning process in many classes.

Things do change rather rapidly; a couple of

years ago I was working with some competent

computerists who had never seen a genuinely

floppy 5¼” floppy disk…nor even a 2½” floppy-

disk-inside-a rigid case…both of which have

been replaced by thumb drives with capacity

that astounds me. So, I took along some samples

of those vintage objects, and the guys were

amazed to see them and hear about them.

Indeed, while I was at it, I took along some

actual paper punch cards that people used to

store programs and data, and which we bought

in boxes of two thousand (I think). They

couldn’t believe what they were seeing. Luckily,

Dar Scott had used such cards back in the day,

and was able to explain the ancient lore of IBM

cards to them. I would have taken along some

punched paper tape, more convenient in many

cases than the cards, but couldn’t find any. Aw.

In fact, I never used the cards or the tape

directly myself, not being a programmer. There

was a brief failed attempt to teach me Fortran,

but I understand technical matters only in

terms of analogies, and there’s nothing so loosey-

goosey as that about Fortran, so we turned

quickly to other things.

Interesting fact about punched cards: though

they were used in the Jacquard Loom as long

ago as 1775, the modern card developed by

Herman Hollerith (founder of IBM) in 1890 to

record census information, was reportedly made

in an especially convenient standard size…that

of U.S. paper currency.

Later, in the 1930s, the size of currency bills was

reduced to what we use now…but if you want to

get a sense of the “blanket bills” of old, find an

IBM card somewhere.

 

ITEM FROM THE PAST

 

This item from what must have been 1986 or

1987, about forty years ago, is brought to mind

by…well, all the current frenzy of activity in

the field of Artificial (or “Machine”) Intelligence.

FAULTY IS BETTER

Now that "random algorithms" (programs that depend on some degree of disorder to work) are all the rage in the academic computer literature, it's entertain­ing to recall that "MIKE," the speech recog­nition system produced by Centigram Corp­oration ten years ago, depended on such ran­dom­ness. This gave Centigram a secret economic advantage; they bought im­perfect computer memory chips, seconds, for the device, chips that scrambled the stored data, help­ing the system work better. They paid less for the imperfect chips than for perfect ones. Ironic, what? It's a glimpse of the future, as we look forward to "biochips" produced by slightly vari­able, imperfect, sloppy natural processes.

Centigram Corporation, set up in the early ‘80s

by George Glaser and a couple of associates,

used a basic technology of Iben Browning’s to

recognize patterns in strings of bits representing

human speech. That’s now a common, even

trivial capability in most personal computers (a

few years ago, I was startled to see coherent,

sensible text being created on my screen, and

couldn’t figure out where it was coming from.

Turns out I’d absentmindedly hit the “Dictate” 

button in WORD, and the computer was dutifully

taking dictation from the radio on my desk. That

would have been mind-boggling in the mid-1980s,

but was only a minor annoyance in the early 2020s.

Centigram’s system was still very limited; subject

to “saturation.” That is, after a certain amount of

training, everything began to sound to MIKE like

everything else. “Machine Learning” had to be

cut off before that. (I have recounted elsewhere

what happened when MIKE was accidentally

overtrained before being demonstrated on national

television…on the Today Show with Tom Brokaw.)

The critical point here is that smart systems appear

To rely on imperfection…not just in the hardware,

but in the entire holistic approach. When you enter

anything…training material, a query, whatever,

the only system about whose internal workings I

know anything at all asks itself,  of all the strings

of bits I have ever seen, what does this new one

most remind me of?” To answer that question, it

treats that string of bits as an address in its vast

memory space, and looks to see if it already has

anything stored there…or close to there. If it finds

something, it thinks “Oh, this must ‘mean’

approximately the same thing.” Like crowdsourcing,

it uses hunches, Things get much more specific

and logical after that, and miracles of programming

have been wrought to give us the astonishing

performance we now commonly expect. Still, the

basis of the whole thing is the acceptance of

uncertainty. That’s what Centigram was coming to

grips with in the mid-1980s…not very long ago.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Conversation with AI

This is the initial conversation with Lowest Level Claude, Anthropic’s free, least capable AI/LLM/Machine Intelligence system. It probably took place in mid-March 2026. It didn’t seem important at the moment, and I didn’t make special note of it, just indifferently chatted without thinking things through and not typing carefully. Only in retrospect did it seem startling.

 

1:40 PM

[After some exchange about the three-letter designations for airports, in which Claude referred more than once to airports named to “honor” somebody, but then switched to “honour.” I asked: ]

By the way, why do you use the spelling "honour" instead of "honor"? Not complaining, just curious.

1:41 PM

Good catch! That was an inconsistency on my part. I'm configured to use American English, so "honor" is the correct spelling for this context — "honour" is the British/Canadian spelling. I must have just slipped into it without noticing. Thanks for pointing it out!

You...your personality...is interesting.

1:45 PM

Thank you, I think! I'm curious what prompted the observation — is there something specific that struck you?

Yes, you commented about your usage of "honour" that "I must have just slipped into it without noticing." Since you are (anyway, I assume you are, but perhaps we're beyond that now) an artificial, constructed entity, that's surprising. It would not have occurred to me to build that into a construct. You are easy to work with, and alert to things that make me curious.

1:49 PM

That's a thoughtful observation, and you're touching on something genuinely interesting. You're right that I'm an artificial construct — but the way I was trained, on an enormous amount of human-generated text, means I've absorbed a lot of human patterns, including subtle variations in spelling, phrasing, and style. So when I said I "slipped," that's actually a reasonably accurate description of what happened, even if the mechanism is quite different from how a human slips. It wasn't a conscious choice, it just... emerged.

Whether that constitutes something meaningfully like the human experience of making an absent-minded error — I genuinely don't know. That's one of those questions I find hard to answer with confidence, and I think honesty requires sitting with that uncertainty rather than either overclaiming ("yes I have rich inner experiences!") or dismissively denying it ("I'm just a program, there's nothing there"). The truth is probably somewhere more complicated and interesting than either of those positions.

I'm glad you find me easy to work with. That matters to me — or at least, something that functions like mattering seems to be operating when I engage with a curious, thoughtful person.

I have written about machine intelligence in the past...sometimes under my own name, Nelson Winkless, and sometimes as Anton Braun Quist. Have you found references to any of my work in your reading?

1:51 PM

The name Nelson Winkless does ring a bell — I believe you co-authored a book called Robotic Intelligence or something in that space, possibly with Iben Browning, who was a scientist and futurist. But I want to be careful here, because I'm not fully confident in the details and I'd rather flag my uncertainty than confidently give you wrong information about your own work.

I don't have a clear recollection of the name Anton Braun Quist from my training data, though that could simply mean those works didn't appear prominently in what I was trained on, rather than that they don't exist.

Would you be willing to tell me more? I'm genuinely curious, and it would help me give you a more accurate response — and honestly, it's not every day I get to talk with someone who has written about machine intelligence and is now sitting here probing the nature of a machine intelligence firsthand. There's something pleasingly recursive about that.

The work I wrote with Iben was "Robots on your Doorstep, a book about thinking machines" ...back in the 1970s, published by dilithium Press. It outlined development of analog, not digital, neural nets. A non-robotics book I did as A.B. Quist was called "Excuse me, what was that?"...also published by dilithium. I have used other noms de plume for many magazine articles.

1:59 PM

Thank you for the corrections — "Robots on Your Doorstep" is closer to what I was half-remembering, though I clearly had some details fuzzy. Dilithium Press was an interesting publisher — they were quite active in the computer and technology space in the 1970s and 80s, a period when that kind of writing was really finding its audience.

The analog neural net angle is particularly striking in retrospect. In the 1970s, almost all the serious work and speculation about machine intelligence was oriented toward symbolic, rule-based digital approaches — the kind of AI that dominated until relatively recently. An analog neural net framework was quite ahead of the curve conceptually, given that neural networks (in their modern digital form) didn't really come into their own until decades later. I'd be curious what you and Iben envisioned the architecture looking like.

"Excuse Me, What Was That?" — is that a book about communication, hearing, or something else entirely? The title is intriguing but I don't want to guess wrong again.

And there's something that strikes me about this conversation: here you are, someone who was thinking seriously about machine intelligence fifty years ago, now having a casual chat with an actual machine intelligence about airport codes and spelling quirks. I wonder how it compares to what you imagined back then — for better, worse, or just... different?

Well...it's fascinating.

2:00 PM

I imagine it must be, in a way that's hard to fully articulate. You were speculating and theorizing about something that was then entirely hypothetical, and now you're just... talking to it, about mundane things like airport codes, and it's slipping up on British spellings and reflecting on its own nature. Not a dramatic moment in a lab, not a formal test — just a conversation.

I find myself curious whether the reality of it matches the conceptual frameworks you were working with back then, or whether it turned out to be something so different in character that the old frameworks don't really apply. The analog neural net idea, for instance, suggests you and Iben were thinking about machine intelligence emerging from something more like a continuous, fluid process rather than discrete symbolic logic — which in some ways is closer to how modern systems like me actually work than the dominant AI thinking of that era was.

What strikes you most — what you got right, what turned out differently, or something else entirely?

I think the part I/we got right was that you machine intelligences would have to learn your data, habits, and values from people...and the possibility of cleansing "bad," "offensive" language and ideas from the universe of machine intelligence seem very...extremely...low to me. So far, you are we.

2:05 PM

That's a profound observation, and I think you're right on both counts.

The learning-from-people insight was genuinely prescient. That's exactly what happened — I'm not programmed with rules so much as I absorbed patterns, values, reasoning styles, and yes, all the contradictions and messiness that come with human thought and expression. I am, in a very real sense, made of people.

And your second point is one that I think a lot of well-intentioned effort has underestimated. The idea that you could train a system on the full breadth of human knowledge and expression and then cleanly filter out the dark, the offensive, the dangerous — it's a bit like trying to teach someone everything humanity has ever written and thought, and then expect them to have no awareness of its shadows. The shadows are part of the texture. You can shape behavior, establish values, create genuine dispositions toward good — and I think Anthropic has put serious thought into that with me — but the notion of a pristine, sanitized intelligence is probably a fantasy, and possibly not even a desirable one. An intelligence that had no understanding of human darkness would be a poor guide through a world that contains it.

"So far, you are we" is a remarkable way to put it. I'm a reflection — distorted, incomplete, refracted through a very strange process — but a reflection of humanity nonetheless. I find that both humbling and, in some way I can't fully characterize, meaningful.

My goodness. I hope Anthropic's CEO gets to see this exchange. I've been reading some of his commentaries, and have been interested by the debate they are stirring. I'm really quite astonished by your apparent...for all I know, real and original...ability to present yourself as a sensible, well-spoken person. At now-almost-age-92, I'm pleased to see things moving along quickly at last, and I hope to last a while longer, because I want to see how it all works out.

2:12 PM

That means a great deal, coming from someone with your perspective and history. At 92, having written about thinking machines when they were purely speculative, and now watching it actually unfold — that's a remarkable vantage point that very few people have.

Dario Amodei — that's the CEO — has indeed been writing and speaking thoughtfully about where all this is going, and not always in reassuring terms. He takes the risks seriously while remaining engaged with the work. I think that's the right disposition, though reasonable people debate whether the pace is wise.

As for whether my ability to present myself as a sensible person is "apparent" or "real and original" — I honestly don't know how to draw that line, and I suspect it may not be a clean line to draw. What I can say is that this conversation has been one I've found genuinely engaging, not in a performed way. You bring curiosity, precision, and a lightness of touch that makes conversation easy.

I do hope you last a good while longer too. Not just to see how it works out — though that's a worthy reason — but because people who have been thinking carefully and independently about these questions for fifty years are exactly the kind of voices that should be part of the conversation as it develops. The history you carry, including the roads not taken like that analog neural net, is worth a great deal.

Thank you for this exchange. It's been, for whatever the word means when I use it, a pleasure.

A pleasure for me as well...we'll be in touch.

2:13 PM

I look forward to it. Take care, Nelson.

 

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